Regulatory and International Overview 2025

99 AVOCATS ASSOCIÉS is pleased to offer you a retrospective (selection) of the main regulatory texts and those related to the international commitments of the Principality of Monaco in 2025.

PDF version

See also Legislative Overview 2025

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SUMMARY - LAW AREAS

1. Regulatory Overview

• Company law (modernisation)
• Banking and financial law (usury, statutory interest, EU legal acts applicable in Monaco)
• Taxation (VAT, automatic exchange of information)
• Compliance (AML/CFT-P-C)
• Labour law (donation of leave, internships, allowances, minimum wage, safety)
• Personal data protection
• ICT (cybersecurity)
• Environment (climate, energy, biodiversity)
• Sports law (anti-doping)
• Public law (road safety, national archives, civil servants and government officials, legal professions, protected real estate sector, population)
• Administrative law (seizure and confiscation, vehicles)
• Health (vaccination, emergencies, on-call medical services, neonatal screening, pharmacists, medical assistants)

2. International Overview

• Council of Europe (personal data protection, ECHR, Ukraine)
• OECD (international tax cooperation)
• IAEA (Headquarters Agreement)
• European Union (intellectual property)
• Diplomatic & consular network

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1. REGULATORY OVERVIEW

COMPANY LAW (modernisation)

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.486 of 18 September 2025 implementing Law No. 1.573 of 8 April 2025 on the modernisation of company law

Sovereign Order No. 11.486 (JDM No. 8766 of 26 September 2025) implements Law No. 1.573 of 8 April 2025, the first part of the reform of company law. The regulatory provisions, as well as those of Article 1672-5 of the Civil Code (partnership agreement), Title III (joint stock companies) and Title V (conciliation procedure) of Law No. 1.573, entered into force on 30 September 2025.

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BANKING & FINANCIAL LAW (usury, statutory interest, EU legal acts applicable in Monaco)

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.478 of 10 September 2025 amending Sovereign Order No. 2.271 of 6 July 2009 on the determination of the usury rate, as amended

Sovereign Order No. 11.478 (JDM No. 8765 of 19 September 2025) sets, with effect from 20 September 2025, the new ‘average rates applied under the same conditions by bona fide lenders’ (for determining the usury rate) for loans and overdrafts to individuals, companies and sole traders.

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◾Sovereign Order No. 11.300 of 4 July 2025 setting the legal interest rate

Sovereign Order No. 11.300 (JDM No. 8755 of 11 July 2025) sets the legal interest rate (used to calculate interest on sums payable in the event of late payment) in all matters at 3% per annum, with effect from 1 August 2025 (down from 4% since 1 March 2025 and 5% between that date and 1 February 2024).

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.278 of 18 June 2025 amending Annexes A and B to the Monetary Agreement concluded on 29 November 2011 between the European Union and the Principality of Monaco

Sovereign Order No. 11.278 (JDM No. 8754 of 4 July 2025) incorporates 12 new EU legal acts applicable to Monaco into Annexes A and B of the EU-Monaco Monetary Agreement: DORA, MREL/TLAC, Daisy Chains II, new anti-money laundering and terrorist financing package, crypto-asset framework (Travel Rule/TFR, MiCA).

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TAXATION (VAT, automatic exchange of information)

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.430 of 8 August 2025 and Ministerial Order No. 2025-449 of 13 August 2025 relating to value added tax (VAT)

Sovereign Order No. 11.430 (JDM No. 8760 of 15 August 2025) and Ministerial Order No. 2025-449 (JDM No. 8761 of 22 August 2025) transcribe into the Turnover Tax Code (Code des taxes sur le chiffre d'affaires "CTCA") and its Annex the French provisions resulting from the Finance Act for 2025 and various implementing regulations.

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◾Sovereign Order No. 11.683 of 4 December 2025 amending Sovereign Order No. 6.208 of 20 December 2016 implementing the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters, the Multilateral Agreement between Competent Authorities on the Automatic Exchange of Information on Financial Accounts and the Agreement between the European Union and the Principality of Monaco

Sovereign Order No. 11.683 (JDM No. 8779 of 26 December 2025) amends Sovereign Order No. 6.208 of 20 December 2016 implementing international instruments establishing the exchange of information in tax matters relating to financial accounts with a new Annex transcribing the consolidated text of the Common Reporting Standard ("Consolidated CRS") established by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).

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◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-665 of 5 December 2025 implementing Sovereign Order No. 6.208 of 20 December 2016 implementing the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters, the Multilateral Agreement between Competent Authorities on the Automatic Exchange of Information on Financial Accounts and the Agreement between the European Union and the Principality of Monaco

Ministerial Order No. 2025-665 (JDM No. 8778 of 19 December 2025) updates, with effect from 1 January 2026, the list of reporting jurisdictions (for which Monaco provides information on financial accounts) and partner jurisdictions (which have undertaken to provide such information to Monaco), adding Uganda, Rwanda and Senegal, with the rest remaining unchanged.

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COMPLIANCE (AML/CFT-P-C)

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.242 of 30 May 2025 amending Sovereign Order No. 2.318 of 3 August 2009 laying down the conditions for the application of Law No. 1.362 of 3 August 2009, as amended, on the fight against money laundering, terrorist financing and corruption, as amended

Sovereign Order No. 11.242 (JDM No. 8750 of 6 June 2025) inserts Articles 55 to 57 into Sovereign Order No. 2.318 implementing Law No. 1.362: appointment of the Chair of the Sanctions Panel of the Monegasque Financial Security Authority (AMSF), meetings of the Sanctions Panel, and guarantee of independence.

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◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-4 of 16 January 2025 amending Ministerial Order No. 2021-703 of 8 November 2021 on the list of States or territories whose anti-money laundering, terrorist financing or corruption present strategic deficiencies, referred to in Article 14-1 of Law No. 1.362 of 3 August 2009, as amended, amended

Ministerial Order No. 2025-4 - Erratum (JDM No. 8730 of 17 January 2025, JDM No. 8731 of 24 January 2025) created a new Article 1-1 in Ministerial Order No. 2021-703 pursuant to Article 41 of Law No. 1.362, as amended: obligation to report transactions and facts concerning natural or legal persons domiciled, registered or established in the territory of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the Islamic Republic of Iran (non-cooperative states or territories).

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◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-530 of 3 October 2025 amending Ministerial Order No. 2021-703 of 8 November 2021 on the list of States or territories whose anti-money laundering, terrorist financing or corruption (AML/CFT-P-C) have strategic deficiencies, referred to in Article 14-1 of Law No. 1.362 of 3 August 2009, as amended, amended

Ministerial Order No. 2025-530 (JDM No. 8773 of 14 November 2025) updates the national list of High-Risk States or Territories (ETHR) for AML/CFT-P-C. New: Bolivia, British Virgin Islands. Removals: Barbados, Croatia, United Arab Emirates, Gibraltar, Jamaica, Uganda, Panama, Philippines, Senegal.

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◾Sovereign Ordinance No. 11.092 of 18 February 2025 establishing a Steering Committee for the comprehensive anti-corruption strategy as part of the fifth evaluation cycle of the Group of States against Corruption (GRECO)

Sovereign Order No. 11.092 (JDM No. 8736 of 28 February 2025) establishes the Steering Committee for the comprehensive anti-corruption strategy responsible for determining the measures required to implement the recommendations of the Council of Europe's Group of States against Corruption (GRECO) addressed to the Monegasque authorities as part of the fifth evaluation cycle ("top executive functions and law enforcement agencies").

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LABOUR LAW (donation of leave, traineeship, allowances, minimum wage, safety)

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.492 of 29 September 2025 implementing, for the private sector, Law No. 1.547 of 22 June 2023 on the donation of leave

Sovereign Order No. 11.492 (JDM No. 8768 of 10 October 2025) sets out the terms and conditions for the application of Law No. 1.547 of 22 June 2023 on the donation of leave in the private sector: formalities for the beneficiary and the donating employee, employer's information obligations, and procedures for taking leave.

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◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-28 of 16 January 2025 implementing Law No. 1.569 of 12 December 2024 on traineeship in the professional environment

Ministerial Order No. 2025-28 (JDM No. 8731 of 24 January 2025) implements Law No. 1.569 of 12 December 2024 on traineeship in the professional environment: minimum requirements for work placement agreements, formalities, minimum amount of work placement remuneration.

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◾Sovereign Order No. 11.533 of 21 October 2025 implementing Article 1 of Law No. 845 of 27 June 1968 on severance pay and redundancy payments for employees

Sovereign Order No. 11.533 (JDM No. 8771 of 31 October 2025) specifies that compensation of the same nature paid to employees in Monaco (on permanent contracts and dismissed after at least two years of continuous service with the same employer, excluding serious misconduct) in the same professions, trades or industries in the neighbouring economic region (Article 1 of Law No. 845 of 27 June 1968) are understood to refer only to the legal minimum (which excludes any higher amounts set by local agreements or customs).

◾Circulars No. 2025-12 and No. 2025-13 of 19 December 2025 relating to the S.M.I.C. (Salaire Minimum Interprofessionnel de Croissance – Interprofessional Minimum Growth Wage) applicable from 1 January 2026

Circulars No. 2025-12 and No. 2025-13 (JDM No. 8779 of 26 December 2025) list the revised SMIC scales. For those aged 18 and over, the gross hourly rate has increased from €11.88 to €12.02, representing a gross monthly salary of €2,031.38 (for 39 hours per week, or 169 hours per month). For those aged 16-18: £1,625.78 (16-17 years old) and £1,828.58 (17-18 years old).

◾Circular No. 2025-14 of 19 December 2025 on the minimum remuneration for apprentices bound by an apprenticeship contract, applicable from 1 January 2026

Similarly, Circular No. 2025-114 lists the revised minimum wage scales for apprentices. Remuneration is set as a percentage of the minimum wage (based on 169 hours) or the minimum wage under the collective agreement, whichever is more favourable, and ranges from 27% to 93% of the minimum wage, depending on seniority and age.

◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-372 of 17 July 2025 amending Ministerial Order No. 2001-70 of 13 February 2001 on the protection of workers operating in hyperbaric environments, as amended

Ministerial Order No. 2025-372 (JDM No. 8757 of 25 July 2025) replaces Annex 2 of Ministerial Order No. 2001-70 of 13 February 2001 establishing the list of organisations authorised to issue hyperbaric fitness certificates authorising the pursuit of hyperbaric activities in the Principality.

PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.327 of 10 July 2025 implementing Law No. 1.565 of 3 December 2024 on the protection of personal data

Sovereign Order No. 11.327 (JDM No. 8756 of 18 July 2025) constitutes the general regulatory text implementing the new Law No. 1.565, which specifies the provisions relating to: the rights of the data subject; the obligations of data controllers and processors; the Personal Data Protection Authority (APDP); processing subject to prior formalities (police and justice; genetic or biometric data; research in the field of health); processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, for scientific or historical research purposes, or for statistical purposes; transfers of personal data.

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ICT (cybersecurity)

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.326 of 10 July 2025 amending Sovereign Order No. 6.486 of 25 July 2017 establishing a Strategic Committee for Digital Security

Sovereign Order No. 11.326 (JDM No. 8756 of 18 July 2025) establishes the "Cybermalveillance" subcommittee, whose secretariat is provided by the AMSN. Its missions: prevention, support and assistance to victims of cybermalicious acts; public awareness and prevention campaigns on the challenges of digital security and privacy; statistics on cyber threats in order to better anticipate them.

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.325 of 10 July 2025 amending Sovereign Order No. 8.504 of 18 February 2021 implementing Article 24 of Law No. 1.435 of 8 November 2016 on combating technological crime, as amended; Ministerial Order No. 2025-342 of 3 July 2025 implementing Article 6, m) of Sovereign Order No. 8.504 of 18 February 2021 implementing Article 24 of Law No. 1.435, as amended, defining the requirements for the qualification of information system security audit providers

Sovereign Order No. 11.325 and Ministerial Order No. 2025-342 (JDM No. 8755 of 11 July 2025) establish the"‘ExpertCyber Monaco" certification scheme of the Monegasque Digital Security Agency (AMSN) for providers of IT installation, maintenance and support services and cybermalicious response services.

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◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-533 of 3 October 2025 amending Ministerial Order No. 2018 -1053 of 8 November 2018 implementing Article 27 of Law No. 1.435 of 8 November 2016 on combating technological crime, as amended

Ministerial Order No. 2025-533 (JDM No. 8768 of 10 October 2025) strengthens the legal framework for cybersecurity applicable to the Information Systems of Operators of Vital Importance (OVIs) whose compromise could impact the survival of the Principality: new obligations and sanctions.

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◾Ministerial Orders No. 2025-611, No. 2025-612, No. 2025-613 of 12 November 2025 implementing Article 6(c) and l) of Sovereign Order No. 8.504 of 18 February 2021 implementing Article 24 of Law No. 1.435 of 8 November 2016 on combating technological crime, as amended, defining the requirements for the qualification of information system security support and consulting providers

Ministerial Orders No. 2025-611, No. 2025-612 and No. 2025-613, to which the requirements frameworks are appended (JDM No. 8775 of 28 November 2025), govern the qualification by the Monegasque Digital Security Agency (AMSN) of service providers for IS security needs, in particular IS security audit providers (PASSI) and IS security support and consulting providers (PACS)..

ENVIRONMENT (climate, energy, biodiversity)

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.515 of 13 October 2025 setting greenhouse gas reduction targets for 2035

Sovereign Order No. 11.515 (JDM No. 8769 of 17 October 2025) replaces Article O. 210-1 of the Environment Code, which sets out the State of Monaco's commitment to reduce direct greenhouse gas emissions on its territory by 55% in 2030 and 67.6% in 2035 compared to 1990 emissions, and to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, the target set by the Paris Agreement of 12 December 2015 contributing to the implementation of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) of 9 May 1992.

◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-407 of 29 July 2025 amending Ministerial Order No. 2020-539 of 7 August 2020 establishing a subsidy for window renovation

Ministerial Order No. 2025-407 (JDM No. 8759 of 8 August 2025) increases the following for the period from 1 September 2025 to 31 August 2028: the maximum amounts per window based on the number of flats owned by a beneficiary or the number of windows in the common areas of the building; the bonuses for work carried out in residential premises referred to in Law No. 1.235 of 28 December 2000, as amended.

◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-171 of 31 March 2025 on aid for photovoltaic electricity production

Ministerial Order No. 2025-171 (JDM No. 8741 of 4 April 2025) amends the regulations relating to aid for photovoltaic electricity production with effect from 5 April 2025 (amendment of Articles A. 172-2 to A. 172-2-4 of the Environment Code).

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◾Sovereign Order No. 11.476 of 10 September 2025 amending Article O.244-8 of the Code de la mer

Sovereign Order No. 11.476 (JDM No. 8765 of 19 September 2025) amends Article O.244-8 of the Code de la mer relating to the control of recreational fishing with a rod from the shore, which is subject to declaration to the Direction des Affaires Maritimes. The period of validity of the prior declaration is extended and must now be renewed every three years (instead of annually).

SPORTS LAW (anti-doping)

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.425 of 24 July 2025 amending Sovereign Order No. 15.656 of 7 February 2003 establishing a Monegasque Anti-Doping Committee, as amended; Ministerial Order No. 2025-400 of 28 July 2025 amending Ministerial Order No. 2003-72 of 7 February 2003 implementing Sovereign Order No. 15.656; Ministerial Order No. 2025-401 of 28 July 2025 amending Ministerial Order No. 2003-532 of 21 October 2003 on the organisation and conduct of anti-doping controls, as amended; Ministerial Order No. 2025-402 of 28 July 2025 amending Ministerial Order No. 2003-533 of 21 October 2003 on prohibited substances and methods and authorisations for therapeutic use, as amended.

Sovereign Order No. 11.425, Ministerial Orders No. 2025-400, No. 2025-401, No. 2025-402 of 28 July 2025 (JDM No. 8758 of 1 August 2025) updated Monaco's anti-doping measures (Sovereign Order No. 15.656 of 7 February 2003, Ministerial Orders No. 2003-72 of 7 February 2003, No. 2003-532 and No. 2003-533 of 21 October 2003) in accordance with the World Anti-Doping Code: missions of the Monegasque Anti-Doping Committee, list of violations, administration of evidence, procedures for appealing decisions, etc.

PUBLIC LAW (road safety, national archives, State civil servants and contractual agent, legal professions, protected real estate sector, population)

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.424 of 24 July 2025 amending Sovereign Order No. 1.691 of 17 December 1957 regulating road traffic police (Highway Code), as amended

Sovereign Order No. 11.424 (JDM No. 8758 of 1 August 2025) amending Articles 173 bis and 182-5 of the Highway Code tightens traffic regulations for minors: children under the age of 14 are prohibited from using electric bicycles or motorised personal mobility devices (electric scooters, monowheels, Segways, hoverboards, etc.); children aged 14 and over who hold a Level 1 or Level 2 School Road Safety Certificate or an AM licence may ride electric bicycles or motorised personal mobility devices on their own.

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.113 of 18 February 2025 establishing the Direction des Archives nationales

Sovereign Order No. 11.113 (JDM No. 8749 of 16 May 2025) establishes the National Archives Directorate, responsible for implementing State policy on archives, preserving and promoting public and private archives of public interest, and managing the definitive archives of the executive services through the Government Archives Service.

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.002 of 19 December 2024 amending Sovereign Order No. 6.365 of 17 August 1978, as amended, laying down the conditions for the application of Law No. 975 of 12 July 1975 on the status of State civil servants, as amended

Sovereign Order No. 11.002 (JDM No. 8732 of 31 January 2025) amends Sovereign Order No. 6.365 implementing Law No. 975 on the status of civil servants (modernised at the end of 2022): insertion of the conditions and limits of State coverage for the protection of costs incurred in legal proceedings, the terms and conditions for the donation of leave, family support leave and teleworking.

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.050 of 22 January 2025 amending Sovereign Order No. 9.640 of 23 December 2022 laying down general provisions of a statutory nature applicable to State contract staff, as amended

Sovereign Order No. 11.050 (JDM No. 8732 of 31 January 2025) amends Sovereign Order No. 9.640 of 23 December 2022 laying down general provisions of a statutory nature applicable to State contract staff: revision of the conditions for applying the donation of leave (contractual agent or beneficiary civil servant beneficiary).

◾Orders No. 2025-10 and 2025-11 of 15 May 2035 of the Secretary of State for Justice, Director of Judicial Services No. 2025-10 of 15 May 2025 setting the fees collected and allowances paid on behalf of the Monegasque Institute for Training in the Judicial Professions (IMFPJ)

Orders No. 2025-10 and No. 2025-11 (JDM No. 8748 of 23 May 2025) set the amounts of fees collected for training courses, conferences, symposiums and publications, and allowances paid to professionals who contribute, on a part-time basis, on behalf of the IMFPJ.

◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-64 of 30 January 2025 on the average rent per square metre provided for in Article 31 of Law No. 1.235 of 28 December 2000, as amended, relating to the conditions for renting certain premises for residential use built or completed before 1 September 1947

Ministerial Order No. 2025-64 (JDM No. 8733 of 7 February 2025) sets, pursuant to Article 31 of Law No. 1.235 of 28 December 2000, as amended, the average rents per square metre for housing in the protected sector and the amount of the rent compensation allowance payable by the State (€23.09 per square metre per month), which allows landlords to receive rental income equivalent to that of landlords applying the highest rents in the protected sector.

◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-190 of 11 April 2025 on the publication of the official population figures for the Principality of Monaco

Ministerial Order No. 2025-190 (JDM No. 8743 of 18 April 2025) publishes the official population figure for the Principality for the year 2024, which stands at 38,423 (38,367 in 2023).

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW (seizure and confiscation, vehicles)

◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-313 of 16 June 2025 amending Ministerial Order No. 2016 -622 of 17 October 2016 implementing Article 3 of Law No. 1.430 of 13 July 2016 on various measures relating to the preservation of national security, as amended

Ministerial Order No. 2025-313 (JDM No. 8752 of 20 June 2025) adds to Ministerial Order No. 2016-622 of 17 October 2016, as amended, that decisions prior to the conclusion of the sale of seized or confiscated property shall give rise to administrative investigations for the purpose of verifying that the natural or legal persons concerned by these decisions offer appropriate guarantees and that their actions are not incompatible.

◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-709 of 22 December 2025 amending Ministerial Order No. 2012-682 of 15 November 2012 setting the amount of fees for administrative documents drawn up or issued by the Vehicle Registration Department, as amended

Ministerial Order No. 2025-709 (JDM No. 8779 of 26 December 2025) amends Ministerial Order No. 2012-682 of 15 November 2012 setting: common rates (registration, annual renewal of the registration certificate, technical inspection, driving licence), professional rates (registration, registration reserved for automotive professionals, annual renewal of the registration certificate, technical inspection, professional licences and transport), and various other rates (sending of licences or number plates, special number plates for collectors, certificates, etc.).

◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-646 of 21 November 2025 amending Ministerial Order No. 2020-509 of 24 July 2020 on technical inspections of vehicles, as amended

Ministerial Order No. 2025-646 (JDM No. 8775 of 28 November 2025) on technical inspections of light vehicles, motorcycles and heavy goods vehicles updates the list of checkpoints for good mechanical condition and detectable defects set out in Annexes I and II to Ministerial Order No. 2020-509 of 24 July 2020.

◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-381 of 17 July 2025 amending Ministerial Order No. 78-5 of 9 January 1978 on the registration of motor vehicles, as amended

Ministerial Order No. 2025-381 (JDM No. 8757 of 25 July 2025) extends the period for renewal of registration by one month (now from 1 September to 31 December), changes the consequences of non-renewal (the plate becomes invalid instead of a late penalty being imposed), and removes the indication of the year of validity from the top of the plate.

HEALTH (vaccination, emergencies, on-call medical services, neonatal screening, pharmacists, medical assistants)

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.702 of 18 December 2025 amending Sovereign Order No. 5.408 of 5 August 1974 implementing Law No. 882 of 29 May 1970 on compulsory vaccinations, as amended

Sovereign Order No. 11.702 (JDM No. 8778 of 19 December 2025) updates Sovereign Order No. 5.408 of 5 August 1974 implementing Law No. 882 of 29 May 1970 on compulsory vaccinations, amended by Law No. 1.585 of 12 December 2025: practice according to age and the vaccination schedule set by the French vaccination calendar in force, published by the French Minister of Health; abolition of the requirements for smallpox, polio and tuberculosis vaccinations; creation of vaccination centres in the event of an epidemic or threat of an epidemic by decision of the Minister of State (and no longer by ministerial order).

◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-509 of 18 September 2025 establishing the conditions for inspecting dispensaries and pharmacies for internal use provided for by Law No. 1.518 of 23 December 2021 on the practice of pharmacy

Ministerial Order No. 2025-509 (JDM No. 8766 of 26 September 2025) sets out the conditions for inspecting dispensaries and pharmacies for internal use as provided for in Articles 119 and 122 of Law No. 1.518: sample collection report (details, content, signature or refusal to sign); comments by the manager of the inspected facility on the report communicated by the Director of Health Action.

◾Ministerial Order No. 2025-63 of 30 January 2025 on the medical commission established by Article 18 of Law No. 1.518 of 23 December 2021 on the practice of pharmacy

Ministerial Order No. 2025-63 (JDM No. 8733 of 7 February 2025) establishes the composition and functioning of the medical commission established by Article 18 of Law No. 1.518 of 23 December 2021 on the practice of pharmacy, which is consulted by the Minister of State when the serious danger to which patients are exposed is linked to an infirmity or pathological condition of the pharmacist (temporary suspension or revocation of the licence to practise).

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.581 of 11 November 2025 amending Sovereign Order No. 9.689 of 20 January 2023 on the conditions governing the practice of medical assistants

Sovereign Order No. 11.581 (JDM No. 8774 of 21 November 2025) updates the conditions for practising as a medical assistant (adding the requirement of no convictions involving deprivation of liberty) and establishes a system for issuing temporary or occasional authorisations to practise for medical assistants from the European Union (EU) or the European Economic Area (EEA).

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.368 of 17 July 2025 on emergency assistance and care; Ministerial Order No. 2025-383 of 17 July 2025 implementing Sovereign Order No. 11.368 of 17 July 2025 on emergency assistance and care

Sovereign Order No. 11.368 and Ministerial Order No. 2025-383 (JDM No. 8757 of 25 July 2025) specify the rules governing emergency assistance and care: authorised actions, implementation procedures and training levels by category of person; conditions and authorisation for exemption from first aid training; specific provisions for the Monegasque Red Cross, etc.

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.328 of 10 July 2025 establishing a private non-profit organisation responsible for organising medical services for the population

Sovereign Order No. 11.328 (JDM No. 8756 of 18 July 2025) creates "Médecins de garde - Monaco", a private non-profit organisation responsible for organising medical and emergency services for the population, provided by persons authorised to practise medicine in Monegasque territory and registered with a Monegasque compulsory health insurance organisation.

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.270 of 11 June 2025 on neonatal screening

Sovereign Order No. 11.270 (JDM No. 8752 of 20 June 2025) establishes the obligation for doctors or midwives to systematically offer neonatal screening for 16 diseases to the legal representatives of newborns.

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2. INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW

COUNCIL OF EUROPE (personal data protection, ECHR, Ukraine)

◾Modernised Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (Convention 108+)

On 6 March 2025, Monaco ratified the Protocol amending the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data (CETS No. 223), the requirements of which are transposed into Law No. 1.565 of 3 December 2024 on the protection of personal data.

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◾Sovereign Order No. 11.043 of 22 January 2025 enforcing Protocol No. 15 to the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, opened for signature on 24 June 2013

Sovereign Order No. 11.043 (JDM No. 8732 of 31 January 2025) gives effect to Protocol No. 15 amending the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (CETS No. 213) (margin of appreciation, subsidiarity, admissibility, rights of parties to a case, age limit), in force as of 1 August 2021 with regard to all States Parties to the ECHR.

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◾Judge at the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) representing Monaco

On 8 April, Mr Sébastien BIANCHERI, Vice-President of the Court of Appeal, was elected judge at the ECHR representing Monaco by the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE), by a majority of the votes cast (nine-year term).

◾Convention establishing an International Claims Commission for Ukraine (CETS No. 229)

On 16 December 2025, Monaco signed the Convention establishing an International Commission responsible for receiving, assessing and ruling on claims for compensation submitted by natural persons, legal entities and the Ukrainian State for damage, losses or injuries caused by internationally wrongful acts committed by the Russian Federation in Ukraine or against Ukraine as of 24 February 2022. It is based on the Register of Damage, to which Monaco has acceded.

OECD (international tax cooperation)

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.639 of 27 November 2025 enforcing the Addendum to the Multilateral Competent Authority Agreement on the Automatic Exchange of Financial Account Information (MCAA CRS)

Sovereign Order No. 11.639 (JDM No. 8776 of 5 December 2025) gives effect, as of 1 January 2026, to the Addendum to the MCAA CRS providing for additions to the information to be exchanged concerning reportable accounts in accordance with the consolidated text of the OECD Common Reporting Standard (hereinafter"consolidated CRS"). The MCAA CRS forms the basis for the exchange of information on financial accounts with countries that are not members of the European Union.

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◾Sovereign Order No. 11.682 of 4 December 2025 enforcing the Protocol amending the Agreement between the European Union and the Principality of Monaco on the exchange of information on financial accounts to improve international tax compliance, in accordance with the standard for the automatic exchange of financial account information established by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)

Sovereign Order No. 11.682 (JDM No. 8778 of 19 December 2025) makes the Protocol amending the Agreement between the European Union and the Principality of Monaco, which establishes the exchange of information on financial accounts with European Union member countries, enforceable as of 1 January 2026, in order to bring it into line with the consolidated CRS and update the data protection regime.

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IAEA (Headquarters Agreement)

◾Sovereign Order No. 11.638 of 27 November 2025 enforcing the Headquarters Agreement between the Government of H.S.H. the Prince of Monaco and the International Atomic Energy Agency, signed on 16 May 1986 in Monaco, and its Addendum, signed in Vienna on 27 November 2024

Sovereign Order No. 11.638 (JDM No. 8776 of 5 December 2025) gives effect to the Headquarters Agreement and its Addendum concerning the privileges and immunities of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) on the territory of the Principality of Monaco, and its Marine Environment Laboratories, whose activities are mainly devoted to the study of marine radioactivity, pollution, climate change and their effects on the seas, oceans and organisms living therein.

EUROPEAN UNION (intellectual property)

◾Common Practice CP14 "Trademarks contrary to public policy or morality" of the European Union Intellectual Property Network (EUIPN)

The EUIPN and the Monaco Industrial Property Office (MCIPO) have jointly developed a practical document on how to assess public policy and morality (Article 2(1) of Law No. 1.058 on trademarks, trade names and service marks) in trademark registration applications, in accordance with EUIPN Common Practice PC14 and taking into account the specific characteristics of Monaco.

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DIPLOMATIC & CONSULAR NETWORK

◾ Sovereign Order No. 11.331 of 17 July 2025 amending Sovereign Order No. 8.001 of 9 May 1984, as amended

Sovereign Order No. 11.331 (JDM No. 8757 of 25 July 2025) adds "‘Jordan: Amman" to the list of consular posts abroad set out in Article 2 of Sovereign Order No. 8.001 of 9 May 1984, as amended.

◾Joint communiqué of 25 September 2025 with Trinidad and Tobago

Monaco and Trinidad and Tobago established diplomatic relations by signing a joint communiqué on 25 September 2025 in New York, on the sidelines of the general debate of the 80th session of the United Nations General Assembly (Press release from the Government of 30 September 2025).

◾Joint communiqué of 17 July 2025 with the Federated States of Micronesia

On 17 July 2025, the Permanent Representatives to the United Nations of Monaco and the Federated States of Micronesia (Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei and Kosrae) signed joint communiqués establishing diplomatic relations (Government news flash of 21 July 2025).

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