Legislative Overview 2025

99 AVOCATS ASSOCIÉS is pleased to offer a retrospective of the laws published in the Journal de Monaco in 2025 (excluding budget laws[1] and laws on the decommissioning of public property[2]), the number of which (12) is stable compared to 2024 (11).

[1] Law No. 1586 of 19 December 2025 establishing the Initial General Budget for the 2026 financial year ; Law No. 1580 of 20 October 2025 establishing the budget for the 2025 financial year – amendment
[2] Law No. 1572 of 18 April 2025 declaring the decommissioning, between Boulevard du Larvotto and "Le Formentor" on the one hand, and "Villa Larvotto No. 1" and the "Société Monégasque des Eaux" on the other, of part of a plot of land used as a garden belonging to the public domain of the State ; Law No. 1.571 of 8 April 2025 declaring the decommissioning, between the state-owned building "Les Jacarandas" and 39 and 43 Rue Grimaldi, of a plot of land belonging to the public domain of the State

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COMPANY LAW

◾Law No. 1.573 of 18 April 2025 on the modernisation of company law

Law No. 1.573 (JDM No. 8743 of 18 April 2025) introduces sweeping reforms to company law:

• Amendment of the Civil Code: establishment of the civil partnership (SCM), unification of the date of acquisition of legal personality for all companies, judicial appointment of a provisional administrator, rules applicable in the event of joint ownership and division of shares, procedure for regularising the extension of the company, etc.
• Amendment of the Commercial Code: establishment of the single-member limited liability company (SURL), lifting of the ban on contributions in kind, limitation of the number of terms of office for managers, procedure for prior control of the acts of non-partner managers, prevention of conflicts of interest and protection of company resources, creation of a conciliation procedure to avoid the opening of collective proceedings, etc.
• Complete overhaul of the regime governing Monegasque public limited companies and limited partnerships with share capital in Title III of Law No. 1.573: designation for third parties, formation, incorporation, publicity, governance, etc.

Supplemented by Sovereign Order No. 11.486 of 18 September 2025, Law No. 1.573 came into force gradually, from 19 April 2025 or 30 September 2025, with transitional provisions setting deadlines for existing companies to comply.

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LABOUR LAW

◾Law No. 1.583 of 2 December 2025 establishing the conventional termination of employment contracts and amending certain provisions of Law No. 729 of 16 March 1963 on employment contracts, as amended, and Order-Law No. 677 of 2 December 1959 on working hours, as amended

Law No. 1.583 (JDM No. 8777 of 12 December 2025) introduces the conventional termination of permanent employment contracts (CDI) from March 2026 and updates several rules of labour law in the private sector:

• Regulation of the probationary period;
• Duration and notification of the notice/leave period;
• New provision on the termination of employment contracts without notice or severance pay;
• Overtime pay for part-time employees;
• Extension to emancipated minors for reasons other than marriage of the possibility of entering into an employment contract in Monaco without the assistance of their legal representative;
• Abolition of the exemption from stamp duty and registration fees for employment contracts for manual workers and domestic staff.

Ministerial Order No. 2025-715 of 24 December 2025 implements Articles 3 and 6 of Law No. 1.583 relating to termination agreements.

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CRIMINAL LAW (Highway Code)

◾Law No. 1.582 of 21 November 2025 on various measures to improve road safety

Law No. 1.582 (JDM No. 8774 of 21 November 2025) amended the provisions of the Highway Code concerning the prevention and punishment of risky behaviour in a context of significant increase:

• Modification of the system for testing blood alcohol levels and drug use;
• Increased penalties for driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs;
• Increased penalties for professional drivers;
• Introduction of new offences related to refusal to comply, participation in unauthorised races and repeat speeding offences.

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FAMILY LAW (children)

◾Law No. 1.577 of 1 July 2025 on the promotion and supervision of alternating residence for children of separated parents

Law No. 1.577 (JDM No. 8755 of 11 July 2025) allows the guardianship judge to determine that the child's habitual residence shall alternate between the homes of each parent, even without their agreement, when this is in the superior interests of the child.

• In principle, the judge's decision is final.
• However, the judge may issue a provisional ruling for a specified period before issuing a final ruling.

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DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY LAW

◾Law No. 1.578 of 1 July 2025 amending various provisions relating to digital technology

Law No. 1.578 (JDM No. 8755 of 11 July 2025) updates Monaco legal framework for digital technology, harmonising it in certain respects with European Union standards:

• Insertions in Law No. 1.383 of 2 August 2011 for a Digital Principality: evolution of trust services with a framework for electronic attribute attestations; electronic termination of contracts and electronic transactions; liability of online technical service providers; exchange of information between public sector bodies and with their users, communication of administrative documents; de-indexing of certain individual administrative acts from search engines;
• Additions to Law No. 1.483 of 17 December 2019 on digital identity: digital identity wallet, aligned with European requirements;
• Amendment to the Civil Code: removal of the exception whereby a private deed relating to a security subscribed by a person acting for purposes that do not fall within the scope of their professional or commercial activity cannot be drawn up and stored in electronic form;
• Amendment to Law No. 1.435 of 8 November 2016 on combating technological crime, supplemented by Ministerial Order No. 2025-533 of 3 October 2025: increased criminal penalties relating to the cybersecurity obligations of operators of vital importance in the Principality.

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CIVIL LAW (pledge)

◾Law No. 1.579 of 1 July 2025 amending Article 4 of Order-Law No. 676 of 2 December 1959 on the pledging of motor vehicles, as amended

Law No. 1.579 (JDM No. 8755 of 11 July 2025) strengthens the legal security of the creditor during the period of registration of the pledge of motor vehicles purchased on credit:

• Establishment of the principle of retroactivity of the registration of a motor vehicle pledge on its date of registration, applicable to registrations subsequent to the Law.

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PUBLIC LAW (security, justice, health)

◾Law No. 1.584 of 12 December 2025 amending Law No. 1.283 of 7 June 2004 on the organisation of civil security

Law No. 1.584 (JDM No. 8778 of 19 December 2025) modernises the organisation of civil security:

• Redefinition of civil security;
• Clarification of crisis response plans;
• New interministerial GEVIM plan;
• New planning obligations applicable to private law bodies entrusted with a public interest mission or public service concessionaires.

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◾Law No. 1.581 of 21 November 2025 on judicial reserve and amending various provisions relating to the appointment of magistrates to administrative bodies

Law No. 1.581 (JDM No. 8774 of 21 November 2025) responds to the recommendations of the MONEYVAL Committee and the FATF to strengthen the staff of courts and other entities involved in the fight against money laundering, terrorist financing, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and corruption (LCB/FT-P-C):

• Creation of a judicial reserve composed of former magistrates to supplement the courts and provide exceptional support to active career magistrates;
• Adaptation of the rules of appointment concerning the sanctioning body of the Monegasque Financial Security Authority (AMSF) and the Seized and Confiscated Assets Management Service.

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◾Law No. 1.576 of 27 June 2025 on the development of palliative care and support for people at the end of life

Law No. 1.576 (JDM No. 8753 of 27 June 2025) establishes a system of palliative care and support for people at the end of life, drawing to some extent on the provisions of the French Public Health Code:

• Inclusion and clarification in the law of the provisions of the Code of Medical Ethics aimed at alleviating suffering;
• Legal framework for associations whose purpose is to support people receiving palliative care in health and medico-social establishments;
• Creation of an end-of-life declaration for people with a life-threatening condition.

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◾Law No. 1.574 of 27 May 2025 amending Law No. 1.346 of 9 May 2008 on protection against smoking

Law No. 1.574 (JDM No. 8750 of 6 June 2025) adapts Monegasque legislation to developments in the tobacco market:

• Strengthening the protection of minors against smoking;
• Extension of places where smoking and vaping are prohibited;
• Prohibition on the manufacture, sale and distribution of single-use electronic devices;
• Tougher criminal penalties.

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◾Law No. 1.585 of 12 December 2025 making certain vaccinations previously recommended for children compulsory

Law No. 1.585 (JDM No. 8778 of 19 December 2025), supplemented by Sovereign Order No. 11.702 of 18 December 2025, harmonises Monegasque legislation with French legislation:

• Update of mandatory vaccinations for children born on or after 1 January 2026;
• Removal of the tuberculosis vaccination requirement for the entire population.
  

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◾Law No. 1.575 of 27 June 2025 amending Law No. 1.516 of 23 December 2021 on non-conventional practices contributing to well-being

Law No. 1.575 (JDM No. 8753 of 27 June 2025) adapts the legal framework for non-conventional healthcare practices to address shortcomings that came to light during the examination of authorisation applications:

• Possibility of voluntary practice;
• Possibility of issuing authorisation to practise on an ad hoc or occasional basis;
• Possibility of attaching specific conditions or restrictions to authorisation to practise.
  

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